火車勾甘蔗(結論I) 主權在民是王道─「民為貴, 社稷次之，君為輕。」(下之二)

孟子欲回復「耕者九一」與「仕者世祿」的原創精神─耕者有其田。故而，一再提起：
「若民，則無恒產，因(而)無恒心。"As to the people, if they have not a certain livelihood, they will not have a fixed heart.James Legge, The Works of Mencius,op cit.,p.147"」(孟子‧梁惠王上)
「民之為道也，有恒產者則有恒心，無恒產者則無恒心。"The way of the people is this;-If they have a certain livelihood, they will have a fixed heart; if they have not a certain livelihood, they will have not a fixed heart.Ibid.pp.239-240"」(孟子‧滕文公上)
有恒產則有恒心，回歸周文王的仁政，王道始得以建立。
又，孟子說道：「無恒產而有恒心者，惟士為能。"There are only men of education, who, without a certain livelihood, are able to maintain a fixed heart.Ibid.p.147"」(孟子‧梁惠王上)
其用意何在？
彰顯儒家的「富貴不能淫，貧賤不能移，威武不能屈。"To be above the power of riches and honours to make dissipated, of poverty and mean conditions to make swerve from principle, and of power and force to make bend.Ibid.p.265"」的大丈夫行徑"The behaviors of the great man,ibid"？(孟子‧滕文公下)
但是孟子還是說道：
「有天爵者，有人爵者。"There is a nobility of Heaven, and there is a nobility of man.Ibid.pp.418-419"」(孟子‧告子上)
世間有天然爵位，尊貴非凡，受天人敬重。也有人間爵位，功名利祿豐碩，受人羨慕。
「仁義忠信，樂善不倦，此天爵也。"Benevolence,righteousness,self-consecration,and fidelity, with unwearied joy in these virtues;-these constitute the nobility of Heaven.Ibid.p.419"」(同上)
奉行仁義忠信，樂於行善，永不厭倦，即是尊貴的天爵。
「公卿大夫，此人爵也。"To be a Kung(prince in highest rank),a Ching,or a Ta-fu(officers in all ranks); these constitute the nobility of man.Ibid"」(同上)
天子及封建諸侯，卿大夫仕途，就是人人羨慕的人爵。
「古之人，修習天爵，而人爵從之。"The man of antiquity cultivated their nobility of Heaven, and the nobility of man came to them in its train.Ibid"」
古時候的士人，修習仁義忠信、行善不渝，天子、諸候、公卿大夫爵位，不求而至。
「今之人，修其天爵，以要人爵。"The men at the present day cultivate their nobility of Heaven in order to seek for the nobility of man.Ibid"」(同上)
現代的士人，修習仁義道德、行善不絶，為了獲得公卿大夫等官位。「學也，祿在其中矣！」
「既得人爵，而棄其天爵，則惑之甚者也。終亦也亡而己矣。"And when they have obtained that, they throw away the other;- their delusion is extreme. The issue is simple this, that they must lost that nobility of man as well.Ibid"」(同上)
天子諸侯公卿大夫在位、世祿永在，仁義忠信擺一邊，眾善不行，諸惡大作，昧於因果，不知其人爵因天爵而獲得！捨棄天爵，人爵能存？
天子諸侯公卿士大夫(即知書達禮的讀書人)享有世祿，有了恒產，竟然失去恒心。
得魚忘荃"Once we get the fish, the trap is forgotten."？得意忘言"When the idea has been grasped, the words are forgotten."？(見莊子‧外物)
或魚與熊掌不可得兼的兩難論式？"The dilemma of fish and bear's paws cannot have together at the same time." (孟子‧告子上)
無恒產而有恒心，惟「士」為能的「士」，只限於孔門弟子？
台灣耆宿唸唸「菜脯根罔咬鹹」，會是孔孟的真實信徒？得到孔孟的真傳？



(取材自 Alex Pan’s Digest )


Alex Pan TheWalker
2011.12.23