"人權之法理基礎"再述(九)

尋找造物主( The Creator )

So called Eleaticism (II)

Parmenides進而說明，

{也應有不動者，否則，動者進入某物使其為物---不可能，因為此動者受封閉---或一個動者進入某不存在之物---同樣不可能，因為非存有根本不存在"。

由此可知，各物皆是固態不動的存有。}

{There can be no motion either ,for it would have to be a motion into something that is---which is not possible since it would be blocked---or a motion into something that is not---which is not equally impossible since what is not does not exist.

Hence, everything is solid immobile being. } ( Ibid.)

Parmenides作出結論，

{吾人所熟悉的世界，萬物周旋，生成與消逝，僅是一個吾人信以為真的信念世界(意見) 。}

{The familiar world, in which things move around, come into being and pass away, is a world of mere belief (doxa).} ( Ibid.)

Parmenides就是堅持絕對存有( Being)不變的唯一性( the Oneness)與不動性 ( the Immobility )，不可能成為現象界的存有，有其生成與消逝。也因此，Parmenides稱"絕對存有"為真理之道或道("What is"; the way of truth ; the really true )，非感官知覺所能認知。其乃純粹本體( pure ontology )，沒有過去與未來，只有現在，且唯有理性始能認知。

{仍然，在詩篇的第二部分，Parmenides將信念或意見世界，給予分析式的歸類，

依據持久的觀察而顯示，信以為積極性的， 比如俱真實存有者，此即光亮和溫熱。其為消極性的， 比如缺乏積極性的存有，此即黑暗和寒冷。}

{In the second part of poem, however, Parmenides tried to give an analytical account of this world of belief.

Showing that it rested on constant distinctions between what is believed to be positive--i.e., to have real being, such as light and warmth--and what is negative--i.e., the absence of positive being. such as darkness and cold.} ( Ibid.)

Parmenides認定絕對存有的唯一性與不變性，稱之不動者。

造物主是不動的推動者( The Immobile Mover )?

(取材自Alex Pan's Digest)     

Alex Pan TheWalker