"人權之法理基礎" 再述(十)之四

尋找造物主( The Creator )

{附註}(三)

「真相看來確實如此，雖然Parmenides確認理性與感官知覺的不同，他如此確認，並非為了建立一套唯心體系，而是為了建立一套一元唯物體系，該體系視變化和運動為虛幻，而予以排除。唯有理性能認知實體，但是理性所認知的實體卻是物質。此論述非唯心論而是唯物論。」

{The truth really seems to be that though Parmenides does assert the distinction between Reason and Sense, he asserts it not to establish an Idealist system, but to establish a system of Monistic Materialism, in which change and movement are dismissed as illusory. Only Reason can apprehend Reality, but Reality which Reason apprehends is material. This is not Idealism but materialism. See, Frederick Copleston, S. J. A History of Philosophy, Complete and Unabridged, Vol. 1 : Greece and Rome, p. 66 ) ，

Copleston認為Parmenides的「唯一」( The One )是物質的(material)，並進而指出 :

「Parmenides的宇宙本質學說，其重要的認定，就是"它現在"，"它"即是實體、絕對存有，無論性質若何，現在、存在，而且不可能不如是，它存在，且不可能它非存在。」  

(The doctrine of Parmenides on nature of the world. His great assertion is that "It is. ""It, " i.e. Reality, Being, of whatever nature it may be, is, exists, and cannot not be. It is, and it is impossible for it not to be. Ibid.)

「Parmenides視絕對存有為物質的，此可由其認定絕對存有、"唯一"是有限的，得以明確指出。」

(That Parmenides regarded Being as material, seems to be clearly indicated by his assertion that Being, the One, is finite. Ibid. p.67 )

因此，Parmenides的「唯一」是絕對存有，是存在的、有限的，有其實體，是物質的，但是，看不見、聽不到、聞不出、摸不著，不是感官知覺所能認知。

那麼，"心"也不是感官知覺所認知。

"心"同於「唯一」，也有其實體，而且，不是不存在( It is not no existing.)。

心不但存在而且有其實體，何以見得 ?

(取材自Alex Pan's Digest)       

Alex Pan TheWalker