活在回憶(38) ---- 轉識成智 (XVI)
康德指出，現象因果律與智性因果律的"根本因"，來自物自體的智性行為，此俱智性特性的行為乃因果律的"決定因"。
物自體何以能有此智性行為 ?
其乃源自上帝的善德(The Providence of God) 。
吾人可從，Timaeus 解說上帝創造宇宙萬物的善德，得到理性的啟發。
Timaeus對著Socrates，說道 : 「接下來我可以告訴你們，造物主為何創造這世代延續不絕的世界。上帝是善的，善者從不嫉妒任何事物。由於不生嫉妒，上帝意願所有造物應當如同祂一般秉賦，而他們辦得到。這是在創造和世界的本意，其最真實的感受。基於相信諸位智者的見証，我們當能將其闡明。
上帝意願所有事物是善的，無惡者，因其可達成。......... 於諸本質有形可見物的反映，造物主發現，無欠缺智性造物作為一整體考量，較之智性造物作為一整體考量，更為完美，又智性不能呈現在沒有靈魂之物。據此緣由，當上帝建構此世界時，將智性安置於靈魂，將靈魂安置於物體。.......上帝可能是一樁工事的創造者，其事業本質是盡善盡美。就此觀點，使用"可能性"這語句，我們可以說，這世界成為存有----富有生命的造物，真實秉賦靈魂和智性，皆是由於上帝的善德。
(Timaeus : Let me tell you why the Creator made this world of generation ? He was good, and the good can never have any jealousy of anything. And being free from jealousy, He desired that all things should be as like Himself as they could be. This is in the truest sense the origin of creation and of the world, as we shall do well in believing on the testimony of the wise men.
God desired that all things should be good and nothing bad, so far as this was
attainable.......and the Creator, reflecting on the things which are by nature visible, found that no unintelligent creature taken as a whole could ever be fairer than the intelligent taken as a whole, and again that intelligence could not be present in anything which was devoid of soul. For which reason, when He was framing the universe, He put intelligence in soul, and soul in body, that He might be the Creator of a work which was by nature fairest and best. On this wise, using the language of probability, we may say the world came into being---a living creature truly endowed with soul and intelligence by the Providence of God. Timaeus , 29 e sq. )
(取材自Alex Pan's Digest)
Alex Pan TheWalker
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