理性的啓發
重返世間(217)
拾佛牙慧(213)
魏爾德歸納唯實哲學使用〝Nature〞之五種意義如下：
（一） 一般合宜關係，與動態實體基此規範關係，置於世界或宇宙之地位。
（二） 形式或有限實體之特定結構，決定其基本傾向及何種適於完成此種傾向。
（三） 較（二）之形式更廣泛意義，乃由此形式所決定之若干傾向。
（四） 經常指良好或適當指引，引導諸傾向趨於完全發展，則此適當活動於初期稱為本性或合乎本性。
（五） 訂出良好或適當條件，供實質之完全發展，此種條件通常稱本性者，亦稱物之真正本性，因為僅在此情況，整個本性始能顯現出，不受束縛，亦不受扭曲。
（一） 一般合宜關係，與動態實體基此規範關係，置於世界或宇宙之地位。
（二） 形式或有限實體之特定結構，決定其基本傾向及何種適於完成此種傾向。
（三） 較（二）之形式更廣泛意義，乃由此形式所決定之若干傾向。
（四） 經常指良好或適當指引，引導諸傾向趨於完全發展，則此適當活動於初期稱為本性或合乎本性。
（五） 訂出良好或適當條件，供實質之完全發展，此種條件通常稱本性者，亦稱物之真正本性，因為僅在此情況，整個本性始能顯現出，不受束縛，亦不受扭曲。
(見潘明正撰，人權之法理基礎，頁四四)
(原文)
But taking the tradition as a whole, five meanings of the term nature have proved to be especially important.
1. The word is used to express the general relation of fitness, and the dynamic entities ordered into a world or cosmos by this normative relation….
2. The word signifies the form or definite structure of a finite entity which determines its basic tendencies, and the kind of activity which will fittingly complete these tendencies.
3. The word nature is often used in a richer sense to indicate not only the form (2), but also the tendencies determined by this form.
4. It commonly signifies the fitting direction of these tendencies in such a way as to lead them towards fulfillment. Such “fitting” activity in its incipient stages is said to be natural, or accordance with nature.
Finally 5, the word is often used to describe the good or fitting condition of existential Fulfilment. A close approximation to this condition is also said to be natural. Sometimes it is said to be the real nature of the thing, for it is only in this state that the whole nature becomes manifest, without privation and distortion.
1. The word is used to express the general relation of fitness, and the dynamic entities ordered into a world or cosmos by this normative relation….
2. The word signifies the form or definite structure of a finite entity which determines its basic tendencies, and the kind of activity which will fittingly complete these tendencies.
3. The word nature is often used in a richer sense to indicate not only the form (2), but also the tendencies determined by this form.
4. It commonly signifies the fitting direction of these tendencies in such a way as to lead them towards fulfillment. Such “fitting” activity in its incipient stages is said to be natural, or accordance with nature.
Finally 5, the word is often used to describe the good or fitting condition of existential Fulfilment. A close approximation to this condition is also said to be natural. Sometimes it is said to be the real nature of the thing, for it is only in this state that the whole nature becomes manifest, without privation and distortion.
(John Wild, Plato’s Modern Enemy and The Theory of Natural Law,p. 108.)
(取材自Alex Pan's Digest)
Alex Pan TheWalker
2014 08 17
沒有留言:
張貼留言